{"product_id":"abcam-ab313482","title":"Abcam, ab313482, Anti-CTLA-4 antibody [RP23040205]","description":"\u003cp\u003eSize: 100µg\u003cbr\u003e\nRabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CTLA4 antibody. Suitable for ICC\/IF and reacts with Human samples. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human CTLA4.\u003cbr\u003e\nKey facts\u003cbr\u003e\nHost species:Rabbit,\u003cbr\u003e\nClonality:Monoclonal,\u003cbr\u003e\nClone number:RP23040205,\u003cbr\u003e\nIsotype:IgG,\u003cbr\u003e\nCarrier free:No,\u003cbr\u003e\nReacts with:Human,\u003cbr\u003e\nApplications:ICC\/IFSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,\u003cbr\u003e\nImmunogen:Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human CTLA4.P16410\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProduct details:\u003cbr\u003e\nWhat are recombinant multiclonals?\u003cbr\u003e\nRecombinant multiclonals are a mixture of recombinant antibodies co-expressed from a library of heavy and light chains. They offer several advantages including:\u003cbr\u003e\n- The sensitivity of polyclonal antibodies by recognising multiple epitopes\u003cbr\u003e\n- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility\u003cbr\u003e\n- Improved sensitivity and specificity\u003cbr\u003e\n- Long-term security of supply\u003cbr\u003e\n- Animal-free batch production\u003cbr\u003e\nView our range of\u003cbr\u003e\nrecombinant multiclonal antibodies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProperties and Storage Information:\u003cbr\u003e\nForm-Liquid, Purification technique-Affinity purification Protein A, Storage buffer-pH: 7.4Preservative: 0.09% Sodium azideConstituents: PBS, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Information:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.\u003cbr\u003e\nCTLA-4 also known as CD152 is an immune checkpoint receptor with a molecular weight of approximately 34 kDa. This protein is expressed on the surface of T-cells especially after activation and sometimes on regulatory T-cells (Tregs). CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for binding to the same ligands CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells. Unlike CD28 which stimulates T-cell activation CTLA-4 sends inhibitory signals to downregulate immune responses. By doing this CTLA-4 helps maintain immune system homeostasis and prevents autoimmune reactions.\u003cbr\u003e\nBiological function summary\u003cbr\u003e\nThe CTLA-4 protein functions as a critical regulator of the immune system. It interacts with CD80\/CD86 in a complex that effectively transmits inhibitory signals to T-cells. CTLA-4 controls the amplitude of the initial activation of T-cells ensuring that the body's immune responses are kept under control. In regulatory T-cells CTLA-4 engagement contributes to their immunosuppressive functions through which they maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent overactive immune reactions.\u003cbr\u003e\nPathways\u003cbr\u003e\nCTLA-4 involves itself in the adaptive immune response pathways specifically the regulation of T-cell activity. CTLA-4's interaction with CD80\/CD86 modulates pathways associated with TCR (T-cell receptor) signaling. When CTLA-4 binds its ligands it recruits phosphatases such as SHP-2 that dephosphorylate signaling proteins leading to the downregulation of T-cell interaction. This pathway interaction exemplifies how CTLA-4 acts in concert with proteins like CD28 to finely tune immune responses.\u003cbr\u003e\nCTLA-4 plays a role in autoimmune diseases and cancer. The dysregulation of CTLA-4 function can lead to autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks the body's own tissue. In cancer tumor cells may manipulate CTLA-4 pathways to evade immune surveillance. Targeted therapies like anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilimumab have been developed to block CTLA-4 aiming to enhance the immune system’s ability to attack cancer cells. These treatments highlight the role of CTLA-4 in balancing immune activity and the potential to alter this balance for therapeutic benefit.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Abcam","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46850434105513,"sku":"ab313482","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/iright.com\/ar\/products\/abcam-ab313482","provider":"Iright","version":"1.0","type":"link"}