{"product_id":"abcam-ab202403","title":"Abcam, ab202403, Mouse PF4 ELISA Kit (CXCL4)","description":"\u003cp\u003eSize: 1 x 96Tests\u003cbr\u003e\nMouse PF4 ELISA Kit (CXCL4) is a single-wash 90-min Simplestep used to quantify Mouse PF4 (CXCL4) with a sensitivity of 148 pg\/ml. The assay uses a simple mix-wash-read protocol with just one incubation and one wash step. - Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA - 450 nm readout : works on any standard plate reader - Design your own immunoassay: we also offer the conjugation-ready antibody pair\u003cbr\u003e\nKey facts\u003cbr\u003e\nDetection method:Colorimetric,\u003cbr\u003e\nSample types:Citrate plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum, EDTA Plasma,\u003cbr\u003e\nReacts with:Mouse,\u003cbr\u003e\nAssay type:Sandwich (quantitative),\u003cbr\u003e\nSensitivity:= 148 pg\/mL,\u003cbr\u003e\nRange:0.25 - 16 ng\/mL,\u003cbr\u003e\nAssay time:1h 30m,\u003cbr\u003e\nAssay Platform:Microplate (12 x 8 well strips)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProduct details:\u003cbr\u003e\nMouse PF4 ELISA Kit (CXCL4) (ab202403) is a single-wash 90 min sandwich ELISA designed for the quantitative measurement of PF4 (CXCL4) protein in cell culture supernatant, cit plasma, edta plasma, and serum. It uses our proprietary SimpleStep ELISA® technology. Quantitate Mouse PF4 (CXCL4) with 148 pg\/ml sensitivity.\u003cbr\u003e\nSimpleStep ELISA® technology employs capture antibodies conjugated to an affinity tag that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody used to coat our SimpleStep ELISA® plates. This approach to sandwich ELISA allows the formation of the antibody-analyte sandwich complex in a single step, significantly reducing assay time. See the SimpleStep ELISA® protocol summary in the image section for further details. Our SimpleStep ELISA® technology provides several benefits:\u003cbr\u003e\n- Single-wash protocol reduces assay time to 90 minutes or less\u003cbr\u003e\n- High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility from superior antibodies\u003cbr\u003e\n- Fully validated in biological samples\u003cbr\u003e\n- 96-wells plate breakable into 12 x 8 wells strips\u003cbr\u003e\nA 384-well SimpleStep ELISA® microplate (\u003cbr\u003e\nab203359\u003cbr\u003e\n) is available to use as an alternative to the 96-well microplate provided with SimpleStep ELISA® kits.\u003cbr\u003e\nPlatelet factor 4 (PF4) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4). Chemokines play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis and angiostasis. PF4 is a 70-amino acid protein (8 kDa) that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Specifically, the active protein is a tetramer of PF4 subunits that forms a ring of heparin-binding positive charges from sites at the C-terminal region of each monomer. In contrast to other CXC chemokines, PF4 does not contain an ELR motif and lacks binding to nearly all chemokine receptors. Mouse PF4 shares 64% and 89% amino acid identity with human and rat PF4, respectively. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. However, the major physiologic role of PF4 appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. There can be over 100-fold higher concentrations of PF4 within clots than within normal serum. Therapeutic doses of heparin (an anticoagulant) neutralize PF4 pro-coagulant effects. The complex between heparin and PF4 can be immunogenic, producing the pathological syndrome HITT (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis). In addition, immunogenic complexes of PF4 with apolipoprotein H can contribute to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProperties and Storage Information:\u003cbr\u003e\nShipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-+4°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Information:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe protein Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) also known as CXCL4 is a member of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand family. This small protein has a molecular weight of approximately 7.8 kDa. PF4 is mainly expressed in megakaryocytes and stored in the alpha granules of platelets. During platelet activation PF4 releases into the bloodstream where it interacts with other proteins and cell types. Researchers measure PF4 levels with methods such as PF4 ELISA to study its expression and functions under various physiological and pathological conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\nBiological function summary\u003cbr\u003e\nPF4 plays an important role in modulating the immune response and coagulation processes. PF4 is not part of a stable protein complex but can interact dynamically with heparin on the surface of endothelial cells and glycosaminoglycans. It inhibits the action of heparin promoting clot formation and angiogenesis. PF4 also attracts and activates different types of leukocytes and can regulate inflammatory processes influencing how the immune system responds to injury.\u003cbr\u003e\nPathways\u003cbr\u003e\nPF4 significantly interacts with both the coagulation and inflammation pathways. In the coagulation pathway PF4 acts to neutralize heparin-like molecules thereby enhancing thrombosis. It works closely with proteins such as thrombin and fibrinogen contributing to the blood clot cascade. Within the inflammatory pathway PF4's chemokine activity helps direct leukocytes to sites of tissue damage or infection linking it to cytokines and other chemokines that mediate immune responses.\u003cbr\u003e\nResearchers associate PF4 with conditions such as thrombosis and autoimmune pathologies. In thrombosis the overexpression of PF4 can lead to excessive clot formation pointing to its interaction with proteins like thrombin. PF4 also plays a role in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a disorder where the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies against heparin-PF4 complexes further indicating its direct involvement with immune and coagulation pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Abcam","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46843566129321,"sku":"ab202403","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/iright.com\/products\/abcam-ab202403","provider":"Iright","version":"1.0","type":"link"}