{"product_id":"cst-15132s","title":"CST,  15132S, CTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (PE Conjugate)","description":"Monoclonal Antibody for studying CTLA-4. Validated for Flow Cytometry (Fixed\/Permeabilized),Flow Cytometry (Live). Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, CTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (PE Conjugate) (CST #15132) is ready to ship.\n\n\u003cb\u003eProduct Usage Information\u003c\/b\u003e\nFlow Cytometry (Fixed\/Permeabilized): 1:50\nFlow Cytometry (Live): 1:50\n\u003cb\u003eStorage\u003c\/b\u003e\nSupplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide and 2 mg\/ml BSA. Store at 4°C. Do not aliquot the antibodies. Protect from light. Do not freeze.\n\u003cb\u003eProtocol\u003c\/b\u003e\nAvailable protocols: Flow Cytometry (Fixed\/Permeabilized), Flow Cytometry (Live)\n\u003cb\u003eSpecificity \/ Sensitivity\u003c\/b\u003e\nCTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (PE Conjugate) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein.\nSpecies Reactivity: Human\n\u003cb\u003eSource \/ Purification\u003c\/b\u003e\nMonoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp100 of human CTLA-4 protein.\n\u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c\/b\u003e\nCytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8 cytotoxic T cells, CD4 helper T cells, and CD4 \/FoxP3 regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12).\n\u003cb\u003eAlternate Names\u003c\/b\u003e\nactivation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule; AILIM; ALPS5; CD; CD152; CD278; celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA-4; CTLA4; cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 short spliced form; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4; GRD4; GSE; ICOS; IDDM12; inducible costimulator; inducible T-cell co-stimulator; inducible T-cell costimulator; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 12; ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; MGC39850\n\n\u003cb\u003eSpecification\u003c\/b\u003e\n\nREACTIVITY: H\nSENSITIVITY: Endogenous\nSource\/Isotype: Rabbit IgG","brand":"CST","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46800347955369,"sku":"15132S","price":0.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/iright.com\/products\/cst-15132s","provider":"Iright","version":"1.0","type":"link"}