Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2) is a protein belonging to group A of the OLIG family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLH). bHLH proteins are divided into 6 groups (A-F), and characterized by their biochemical properties and structure. Olig2 is classified as group A due to its ability to form heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and binding to the E box. Olig2 has a crucial role during development in specifying the final location of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord, along with the development within the hindbrain of somatic motor neurons. Olig2 expression is observed within oligodendrocytes and in developing astrocytes. Recent studies have shown strong expression of Olig2 in human oligodendrogliomas, primary tumors within the central nervous system, and moderate expression in astrocytomas. These observations have led to the proposal of Olig2 having potential as an oligodendroglioma diagnostic marker.
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