Proteintech, 28076-1-AP, PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) Polyclonal antibody

Size: 20ul / 150ul The PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) (28076-1-AP) by Proteintech is a Polyclonal antibody targeting PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) in WB, IHC, IF-P, IP, ELISA applications with reactivity to human, mouse, rat samples 28076-1-AP targets PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) in WB, IHC, IF-P, IP, CoIP, ChIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat samples. Tested Applications Positive WB detected in: IFN gamma treated A549 cells, human placenta tissue, MDA-MB-231 cells, mouse heart tissue, rat heart tissue, THP-1 cells Positive IP detected in: MDA-MB-231 cells Positive IHC detected in: human tonsillitis tissue, human placenta tissue, human breast cancer tissue, human lung cancer tissue, human cervical cancer tissueNote: suggested antigen retrieval withTE buffer pH 9.0;(*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed withcitrate buffer pH 6.0 Positive IF-P detected in: human tonsillitis tissue, human placenta tissue Recommended dilution Western Blot (WB): WB : 1:1000-1:6000 Immunoprecipitation (IP): IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate Immunohistochemistry (IHC): IHC : 1:500-1:2000 Immunofluorescence (IF)-P: IF-P : 1:50-1:500 Background Information PD-L1, also known as CD274 or B7H1, stands for programmed cell death ligand 1. It is a type I transmembrane protein that is thought to repress immune responses by binding to its receptor (PD1), thus inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. It contains V-like and C-like immunoglobulin domains. PD-L1 expression is regulated by various cytokines, such as TNF-α or LPS (ISSN: 1848-7718). Increased expression of this protein in certain types of cancers, e.g., renal cell carcinoma or colon cancer, correlates with poor prognosis.What is the molecular weight of PD-L1?Depending on the isoform, the calculated molecular weight of the protein varies between 20 and 33 kDa (176-290 aa).What are the isoforms of PD-L1?According to NCBI, three different isoforms have been identified. There are significant differences in the untranslated and protein coding regions.What is the subcellular localization and tissue specificity of PD-L1?It is predicted to localize in the plasma membrane of various cell types, with a particularly high expression in placental trophoblast and subsets of immune cells. High levels of PD-L1 protein have also been detected in lung and colon tissues.What is the function of PD-L1 in immune responses?PD-L1 is critical for the induction and maintenance of immune self-tolerance during infection or inflammation in normal tissues. The interaction of PD-L1 and its receptors is responsible for preventing auto-immune phenotypes and balancing the overall immune response in situations such as pregnancy or tissue allografts. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 or B7.1 starts an inhibitory signaling cascade, which results in the decreased proliferation of antigen-specific T-cells and increased survival of regulatory T-cells (PMID: 15240681).How can PD-L1's implication in cancer be used as a drug target?In certain tumors, high expression of PD-L1 serves as a stop-sign to inhibit the recognition of cancer cells by T-cells (PMID: 23087408). The interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors (PD1 and B7.1) is a mechanism for the tumor to evade the host immune response (PMID: 29357948). Several mAbs have been developed to target that interaction and thus prevent the inactivation of cytotoxic T-cells by the tumor (PMIDs: 23890059, 18173375). Specification Tested Reactivity: human, mouse, rat Cited Reactivity: human, mouse, rat Host / Isotype: Rabbit / IgG Class: Polyclonal Type: Antibody Immunogen: CatNo: Ag27557 Product name: Recombinant human PD-L1/CD274 protein Source: e coli. -derived, PGEX-4T Tag: GST Domain: 181-290 aa of BC074984 Sequence: TTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHLVILGAILLCLGVALTFIFRLRKGRMMDVKKCGIQDTNSKKQSDTHLEET Predict reactive species Full Name: CD274 molecule Calculated Molecular Weight: 290 aa, 33 kDa Observed Molecular Weight: 45-50 kDa GenBank Accession Number: BC074984 Gene Symbol: PD-L1 Gene ID (NCBI): 29126 RRID: AB_2881052 Conjugate: Unconjugated Form: Liquid Purification Method: Antigen affinity purification UNIPROT ID: Q9NZQ7 Storage Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20 o C storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA.