Abcam, ab10347, Anti-Thymine Dimer antibody [H3]

Size: 25µL
Mouse Monoclonal Thymine Dimer antibody. Suitable for ICC, SB, ELISA, ICC/IF, sELISA and reacts with Nucleic Acid samples. Cited in 17 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Chemical / Small Molecule corresponding to Thymine Dimer.
Key facts
Host species:Mouse,
Clonality:Monoclonal,
Clone number:H3,
Isotype:IgG1,
Carrier free:No,
Applications:ICC/IF, ELISA, sELISA, ICC, SBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.

Product details:
Non-radioactive labeling of DNA is typically based on the enzymatic incorporation of modified nucleotides, carrying a small chemical moiety such as biotin, digoxigenin or fluorescein. These tags are subsequently detected by specific reagents such as streptavidin or a specific antibody coupled to a signal-producing enzyme. Although very efficient and reliable, labeling by in vitro polymerization is time-consuming, expensive, and may require various post-label purification steps to remove an excess of unincorporated precursors. An alternative strategy for DNA labeling, is based on the UV-induced formation of cyclobutane thymine dimers. Several methods have been described for the detection of thymine dimers, which are based on chromato-graphic analysis, and on biochemical analysis with endonucleases specific for UV-irradiated DNA. In addition, methods utilizing antibodies specific for pyrimidine dimers and other UV-induced DNA lesions have evolved, which permit the study of the induction and repair of these lesions without the requirement of in vivo radiolabeling of DNA. Photoimmunodetection, is a rapid, reliable and low-cost supplement to existing methods for nonradioactive DNA labeling. It enables a sensitive and non-radioactive method for labeling, detection, and quantification of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA fragments. The method is based on the introduction of thymine dimers into DNA after separa-tion by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), followed by detection with thymine dimer specific antibodies. The method does not require any enzymatic or chemical manipulation of the DNA sample. Monoclonal anti-bodies reacting specifically with thymine dimer, facilitate investigations on the apoptotic process and the role of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the process of photocarcinogenesis.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purification technique-Affinity purification Protein G, Storage buffer-pH: 7.4Preservative: 0.097% Sodium azideConstituents: PBS, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage duration-1-2 weeks, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Aliquoting information-Upon delivery aliquot, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Thymine dimers also known as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers result from ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced covalent bonding between adjacent thymine bases in DNA. The dimer creates a cyclobutane ring distorting the DNA structure and affecting replication. Thymine dimers along with other pyrimidine dimers form primarily in the skin where exposure to UV radiation is frequent. They have no specific molecular mass since they are part of a larger DNA structure.
Biological function summary
Thymine dimers cause disruption to DNA processes such as replication and transcription. These dimers form part of a complex DNA lesion that cells must recognize and repair to maintain genomic integrity. They lead to the formation of so-called kinks or distortions in the double helix. Proteins involved in DNA repair like XPA and XPC recognize these distortions and initiate repair pathways ensuring that cells do not propagate with these errors in their DNA.
Pathways
Thymine dimers play a critical role in nucleotide excision repair (NER) a pathway responsible for detecting and removing bulky DNA adducts. This pathway involves proteins such as TFIIH and XPG which help unwind DNA and excise damaged sections. In addition to NER another key process is translesion synthesis where specialized DNA polymerases like Pol η bypass thymine dimers during replication allowing replication to proceed but sometimes introducing mutations.
The presence of thymine dimers is closely linked to skin cancer particularly squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma due to UV-induced DNA damage. The NER pathway's failure to efficiently repair thymine dimers involves proteins like XPA and deficiencies in these proteins can lead to disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum. This rare condition results in heightened UV sensitivity and an elevated risk of skin cancer. In such cases the accumulation of thymine dimers accelerates mutagenesis contributing significantly to cancer development.