Abcam, ab252736, Anti-Clostridium botulinum toxin A antibody [B365M]

Size: 250µL
Mouse Monoclonal BXA1 antibody. Suitable for ICC, ELISA, IF, RIA and reacts with Clostridium botulinum samples. Cited in 1 publication.
Key facts
Host species:Mouse,
Clonality:Monoclonal,
Clone number:B365M,
Isotype:IgG,
Carrier free:No,
Reacts with:Clostridium botulinum,
Applications:ELISA, ICC, RIA, IFSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Specificity:Binds to intact whole C. botulinum Toxin A, amino acids 1280-1292. Has been found to stain Neuro2A cells treated with GT1b ganglioside prior to the addition of C. botulinum Toxin A. Inhibits the entry of C. botulinum Toxin A to Neuro2A cells treated with GT1b ganglioside prior to the addition of the toxin.Cross-Reactivity:C. botulinum Toxin A (1280-1292) 100%C. botulinum Toxin A 100%C. botulinum Toxin B 0%C. botulinum Toxin C 0%C. botulinum Toxin E 0%C. botulinum Toxin F (1272-1280) 0%.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purity-Tissue culture supernatant, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage duration-1-2 weeks, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Aliquoting information-Upon delivery aliquot, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Clostridium botulinum toxin A also known as botulinum toxin or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The toxin has a molecular mass of approximately 150 kDa and is synthesized by the bacteria under anaerobic conditions. It functions by cleaving SNAP-25 a protein essential for neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction effectively blocking acetylcholine release and leading to flaccid paralysis. This action occurs in the peripheral nervous system where the toxin is expressed.
Biological function summary
Botulinum toxin disrupts synaptic transmission by targeting the SNARE complex which includes proteins like syntaxin and VAMP. It does not work alone rather it acts as part of a larger system that involves several molecular machinery components. The toxin enters nerve cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and interrupts communication between nerves and muscles. This interaction results in muscle relaxation explaining its use in both medical and cosmetic fields.
Pathways
The nerve blocking mechanism of botulinum toxin interferes with the cholinergic signaling pathway. This pathway relies on the proper function of SNARE proteins to facilitate synaptic vesicle fusion. By targeting these SNARE proteins botulinum toxin effectively halts neurotransmitter release. The toxin's effects relate to similar mechanisms associated with other neurotoxins and synaptic proteins like tetanus toxin which also affects the SNARE complex but has a different clinical outcome.
Botulinum toxin is linked to botulism a severe form of muscle paralysis. This disorder arises from the toxin's ability to inhibit neurotransmission. The condition requires immediate diagnosis and treatment often using antitoxins to prevent severe complications. Additionally botulinum toxin has therapeutic uses in treating conditions like chronic migraine and spasticity exploiting its muscle-relaxing properties. These clinical applications emphasize the toxin’s dual role in pathology and therapy showcasing its significant impact on human health.