Abcam, ab63978, Recombinant Streptolysin O (Hemolytic streptococcus) protein

Size: 20µg
Recombinant Streptolysin O (Hemolytic streptococcus) protein is a Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Full Length protein, in the 37 to 574 aa range, expressed in Escherichia coli, with >98%, suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS.
Key facts
Purity:>98% SDS-PAGE,
Expression system:Escherichia coli,
Tags:His tag N-Terminus,
Applications:FuncS, SDS-PAGESee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Biologically active:Yes,
Biological activity:Definition of 1HU is activation of 50% hemolysis by incubating 3% sheep red blood cells at 37℃ for 30 minutes.The specific activity is as high as 1,200,000- 2,000,000 hemolytic units (HU) /mg.,
Accession:Q54114,
Animal free:No,
Carrier free:No,
Species:Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis,
Storage buffer:pH: 6 - 8.5Constituents: x1 Phosphate Buffered Saline, 50% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 49% Water, 0.1% Streptolysin O, 0.015% (R*,R*)-1,4-Dimercaptobutan-2,3-diol

Product details:
Information about health hazards:
Target: Cholesterol on human and animal cell membrane
Health Hazards: May be fatal if enters bloodstream.
LD50-Lethal dose (50 percent kill) intravenous,
Rabbit, 1500 ng/kg (Ref :PHTHDT Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Pergamon Press Ltd.,Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK) Vol.(Issue) 11, Page 661,1981 )
Guinea pig, 12 ug/kg (Ref: BICMBE Biochimie. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France, Vol.(Issue)55,Page 1187, 1973)
Toxicity is much less when introduced via other routes of entry like interdermal injection.

Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Dry Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--80°C, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Streptolysin O also known as Hemolytic streptococcus or SLO is a cytolytic toxin produced by some strains of group A Streptococcus. It forms pores in host cell membranes leading to cell lysis. Streptolysin O has a molecular mass of approximately 69 kDa. This protein expresses predominantly in the bacterial cell environment during infections. It is an oxygen-labile toxin which means it is inactivated by oxygen. The immune system of the host generates antibodies called anti-streptolysin O or anti-SLO to neutralize its effects.
Biological function summary
Streptolysin O disrupts cellular membranes by binding to cholesterol which results in host cell damage and death. It is not part of a multi-protein complex but interacts directly with host cell membranes. During infection this interaction causes significant damage to tissues and allows the bacteria to invade and spread rapidly. Streptolysin O contributes significantly to the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes making the bacteria highly virulent.
Pathways
Streptolysin O influences host immune response and contributes to inflammation. During infection it activates the NF-kB signaling pathway which plays a role in immune responses and inflammation. This toxin also interacts with other proteins such as leukotoxins to enhance the virulence of the bacterial infection. The pathway activation can lead to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are part of the body's defense mechanism.
Streptolysin O is implicated in diseases like strep throat and rheumatic fever. The immune response to Streptolysin O leads to the production of anti-streptolysin O antibodies which are often measured to diagnose recent streptococcal infections. Additionally the dysregulation caused by Streptolysin O in host pathways can contribute to post-infectious complications like acute glomerulonephritis with connections to other streptococcal surface proteins such as M protein which also play roles in host-pathogen interactions.