Proteintech, 22089-1-AP, androgen receptor Polyclonal antibody

Size: 20ul / 150ul The androgen receptor (22089-1-AP) by Proteintech is a Polyclonal antibody targeting androgen receptor in WB, IHC, IF/ICC, IF-P, ELISA applications with reactivity to human, mouse, rat samples 22089-1-AP targets androgen receptor in WB, IHC, IF/ICC, IF-P, IP, CoIP, ChIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat samples. Tested Applications Positive WB detected in: LNCaP cells, HepG2 cells, MCF-7 cells, NIH/3T3 cells, mouse heart tissue, rat heart tissue Positive IHC detected in: human prostate cancer tissueNote: suggested antigen retrieval withTE buffer pH 9.0;(*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed withcitrate buffer pH 6.0 Positive IF-P detected in: human prostate cancer tissue Positive IF/ICC detected in: LNCaP cells Recommended dilution Western Blot (WB): WB : 1:5000-1:50000 Immunohistochemistry (IHC): IHC : 1:200-1:800 Immunofluorescence (IF)-P: IF-P : 1:50-1:500 Immunofluorescence (IF)/ICC: IF/ICC : 1:200-1:800 Background Information 1.What is the molecular weight of AR? Are there any isoforms of AR?The molecular weight of full-length androgen receptor (AR-B) is 110 kDa. An additional variant, AR-A, has an 87 kDa size and lacks the N-terminal 187 amino acids of AR-A (PMID: 8108393). Recently, more splice variants of AR have been discovered, raising protein products of around 80 kDa length (PMID: 19244107), as well as an AR45 variant of 45 kDa size (PMID: 15634333). AR splice variants differ in their cell line-specific expression (PMID: 24570075).2.What is the subcellular localization of AR?AR can be present in either or both of the cytoplasm and nucleus. In androgen-deprived cells, AR is found predominantly in the cytoplasm, while stimulation by androgens causes enrichment of androgen-bound AR in the nucleus. AR shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus and its phosphorylation state has an impact on the subcellular localization (PMID: 16282370).3.Is AR post-translationally modified?Post-translational modifications of the AR include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination (PMID: 21820033). These modifications have an impact on receptor stability, activity, and can change the observed molecular weight of the AR.4.How to study AR signaling in cell culture?It is important to control levels of cell stimulation while also looking at AR signaling. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) that is typically used in cell culture contains low levels of testosterone that are enough to stimulate the growth of prostate cells (PMID: 19676093), including the LNCaP cell line that is a commonly used human prostatic carcinoma cell model (PMID: 6831420). One possibility for complete testosterone deprivation is to use charcoal stripped FBS that removes lipophilic agents, including androgens. It is also not recommended to use phenol red in your medium because it is a weak estrogen (PMID: 3458212). Cell stimulation is often conducted by dihydrotestosterone (DHT).5.What is the role of AR in prostate cancer?AR plays a key role in the development and physiology of the prostate gland, and also cancer progression (PMID: 15082523). Mutations in AR altering ligands have been observed. The progression of the prostate cancer depends on AR activity and therefore blocking AR activity or lowering androgen levels is a key step related to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Specification Tested Reactivity: human, mouse, rat Cited Reactivity: human, mouse, rat, pig, rabbit Host / Isotype: Rabbit / IgG Class: Polyclonal Type: Antibody Immunogen: CatNo: Ag17291 Product name: Recombinant human AR protein Source: e coli. -derived, PET28a Tag: 6*His Domain: 1-285 aa of BC132975 Sequence: MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPPGASLLLLQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQETSPRQQQQQQGEDGSPQAHRRGPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSALECHPERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAPPDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSCSADLKDILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAVSEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLGGTSTISDNAKELCKAVSVSMGLGVEALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYAPLLGVPPAVRPTPCAPL Predict reactive species Full Name: androgen receptor Calculated Molecular Weight: 914 aa, 99 kDa Observed Molecular Weight: 75-80 kDa, 110-120 kDa GenBank Accession Number: BC132975 Gene Symbol: AR Gene ID (NCBI): 367 RRID: AB_11182176 Conjugate: Unconjugated Form: Liquid Purification Method: Antigen affinity purification UNIPROT ID: P10275 Storage Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20 o C storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA.