Proteintech, 66240-1-Ig, Beta Tubulin Monoclonal antibody

Size: 150ul The Beta Tubulin (66240-1-Ig) by Proteintech is a Monoclonal antibody targeting Beta Tubulin in WB, IHC, IF/ICC, IF-P, IF-Fro, IP, ELISA applications with reactivity to human, mouse, rat, pig, zebrafish, nematode samples 66240-1-Ig targets Beta Tubulin in WB, IHC, IF/ICC, IF-P, IF-Fro, IP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat, pig, zebrafish, nematode samples. Tested Applications Positive WB detected in: HeLa cells, HEK-293 cells, HepG2 cells, Jurkat cells, HSC-T6 cells, MCF-7 cells, NCCIT cells, HT-1080 cells, LNCaP cells, ROS1728 cells, NIH/3T3 cells Positive IP detected in: HeLa cells Positive IHC detected in: human brain tissue, human breast cancer tissue, rat brain tissueNote: suggested antigen retrieval withTE buffer pH 9.0;(*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed withcitrate buffer pH 6.0 Positive IF-P detected in: mouse eye tissue Positive IF-Fro detected in: mouse brain tissue Positive IF/ICC detected in: HeLa cells, HepG2 cells Recommended dilution Western Blot (WB): WB : 1:20000-1:100000 Immunoprecipitation (IP): IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate Immunohistochemistry (IHC): IHC : 1:20-1:1000 Immunofluorescence (IF)-P: IF-P : 1:400-1:1600 Immunofluorescence (IF)-FRO: IF-FRO : 1:200-1:800 Immunofluorescence (IF)/ICC: IF/ICC : 1:200-1:800 Background Information There are five tubulins in human cells: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. Tubulins are conserved across species. They form heterodimers, which multimerize to form a microtubule filament. An alpha and beta tubulin heterodimer is the basic structural unit of microtubules. The alpha and beta tubulins (+/- 55 kDa MW) are homologous but are not identical. Beta tubulins have been widely used as loading control.What is the molecular weight of beta-tubulin? Are there any isoforms of beta-tubulin?The molecular weight of tubulin is 50-52 kDa. Humans have eight beta-tubulin isotypes, encoded by different genes, that differ in their C-terminal sequences. They have different tissue expression profiles and can rise to microtubules of different properties (PMID: 20191564).How to use beta-tubulin as a loading controlBeta-tubulin is one of the most commonly used references as a loading control for cell lysates in western blotting. It is abundantly expressed across various tissues and developmental stages and highly conserved across species. However, since some variability has been observed in the expression levels of commonly used housekeeping genes (PMID: 15627964), it is recommended that more than one loading control antibody is used while developing new assays. More information can be found here:https://www.ptglab.com/news/blog/loading-control-antibodies-for-western-blotting/.What drugs can influence beta-tubulin and organization of microtubules?Many drugs that affect microtubule dynamics target beta-tubulin, mainly by interfering with the GTP hydrolysis (PMID: 21381049). Paclitaxel (Taxol) is used to stabilize microtubules by slowing down their depolymerization, while colchicine and vinca alkaloids (vinblastine) destabilize microtubules. They are used in research and also in the clinic as anti-cancer agents.Is beta-tubulin post-translationally modified?Yes, tubulins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect the organization of microtubules and their dynamics. The most common modifications include polyglutamylation, polyglycylation, polyamination, glycososylation, glycation, phosphorylation, and acetylation (PMID: 24801181 and 25468068). Specification Tested Reactivity: human, mouse, rat, pig, zebrafish, nematode Cited Reactivity: human, mouse, rat, pig, rabbit, monkey, chicken, zebrafish, hamster, sheep Host / Isotype: Mouse / IgG2a Class: Monoclonal Type: Antibody Immunogen: CatNo: Ag0117 Product name: Recombinant human Tubulin-beta protein Source: e coli. -derived, PGEX-4T Tag: GST Domain: 44-259 aa of BC000748 Sequence: LERISVYYNEASSHKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGAFGHLFRPDNFIFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKECENCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKVREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSIHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDICFRTLKLATPTYGDLNHLVSATMSGVTTSLRFPGQLNADLRKLAVNMVP Predict reactive species Full Name: tubulin, beta 3 Calculated Molecular Weight: 450 aa, 50 kDa Observed Molecular Weight: 50-55 kDa GenBank Accession Number: BC000748 Gene Symbol: TUBB3 Gene ID (NCBI): 10381 RRID: AB_2881629 Conjugate: Unconjugated Form: Liquid Purification Method: Protein A purification UNIPROT ID: Q13509 Storage Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20 o C storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA.