Merck, AB15282, Anti-Cone Arrestin Antibody

Arrestin-C (UniProt: Q9EQP6; also known as Cone arrestin, cArr, Retinal cone arrestin-3) is encoded by the Arr3 gene (Gene ID: 170735) in murine species. Arrestins are a superfamily of multi-functional proteins that regulate signaling and trafficking of the majority of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as sub-cellular localization and activity of many other signaling proteins. Arrestin-C, a disulfide-linked, homodimeric protein, is predominantly found in inner and outer segments, and the inner plexiform regions of the retina. It is expressed in cone photoreceptors and pinealocytes and may contribute to the shut-off mechanisms associated with high acuity color vision. Arrestin-C is an elongated two-domain molecule with overall fold and key inter-domain interactions that hold the free protein in the basal conformation similar to the other subtypes. Several structural elements are reported to contribute to arrestin binding. The C-terminal acidic region serves as a regulatory role in controlling arrestin binding selectivity toward the phosphorylated and activated form of a receptor. The basic N-terminal domain directly participates in receptor interaction and serves a regulatory role via intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal acidic region. Also, two centrally localized domains are directly involved in determining receptor binding specificity and selectivity. Mutations in ARR3 gene in humans have been linked to X-lined myopia 26 that is characterized by typical tigroid fundus changes commonly seen in early onset high myopia. (Ref.: Gurevich, VV., et al. (2018). Protein Cell. 9; 986-1003; Xiao, X., et al. (2016). Mol. Vis. 22; 1257-1266).