CST, 18679S, Total Atg13 Matched Antibody Pair

Matched Antibody Pair for studying ATG13 in the research area. Product Usage Information Matched Antibody Pairs consist of capture and detection antibodies that bind to non-overlapping epitopes. For specific identification of the capture and detection antibodies in this pair, please refer to the data figure caption. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. Formulation Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4, 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free. Storage Store at -20ºC. This product will freeze at -20ºC so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles . A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance. Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Overexpression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high-nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, which localizes to autophagic isolation membranes and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10). Alternate Names ATG13; ATG13 autophagy related 13 homolog; autophagy related 13; Autophagy-related protein 13; FLJ20698; KIAA0652; PARATARG8 Specification REACTIVITY: H