Abcam, ab131385, Apoptosis and DNA Damage (H2A.X(S139) + cleaved PARP1 + Anti-GAPDH) Western Blot Cocktail

Size: 200µL
Apoptosis and DNA Damage (H2A.X(S139) + cleaved PARP1 + Anti-GAPDH) Western Blot Cocktail (ab131385) is part of the reagents, controls & accessories range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
Key facts
Applications:WBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Target:PARP1See target data,
Reacts with:Human,
Purity:IgG fraction,
Form:LiquidSee storage information,
Storage buffer:Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azideConstituents: 0.877% Sodium chloride, 0.357% HEPES

Product details:
The Apoptosis and DNA Damage (H2A.X(S139) + cleaved PARP1 + Anti-GAPDH) Western Blot Cocktail (ab131385) is designed to study the induction of DNA damage and/or apoptosis in response to various stimuli. The two main components of this cocktail are monoclonal antibodies specific to cleaved-PARP1 and H2A.X phospho Ser139. H2A.X is a histone H2A family member that is phosphorylated and recruited to sites of double-strand DNA breaks. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that is cleaved by activated caspases. Combined, these antibodies provide biomarkers of dsDNA breaks (H2A.X phospho Ser139) and apoptosis (cleaved-PARP1). An anti-GAPDH antibody is included as a loading control. These three readouts are easily resolved by western blot given their different molecular weights.
Individual antibodies within the ab131385 cocktail:
Mouse phospho-H2A.X (pSer139) [9F3] monoclonal, IgG
Working concentration: 1 μg/ml
Mouse cleaved-PARP1 [4B5BD2] monoclonal, IgG1
Working concentration: 1 μg/ml
Mouse GAPDH [3E8AD9] monoclonal, IgG2b:
Working concentration: 0.1 μg/ml

Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The biological targets Cleaved PARP1 Histone H2A.X and GAPDH play important roles in cellular processes. Cleaved PARP1 is a product of PARP1 cleavage an enzyme involved in DNA repair and apoptosis regulation weighing about 116 kDa. It is abundantly expressed in the nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis. Histone H2A.X a variant of the H2A histone family maintains chromatin structure and dictates DNA damage response with a molecular weight of approximately 14 kDa. Its expression occurs in various tissues predominantly in dividing cells. GAPDH widely known as a glycolytic enzyme and housekeeping protein has a molecular weight of about 37 kDa found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of most cell types.
Biological function summary
Cleaved PARP1 participates in the regulation of apoptosis by indicating DNA damage. During apoptosis it signals the breakdown of cellular structures by being a target of caspase-3. Histone H2A.X contributes to DNA repair mechanisms and chromatin remodeling. It assembles into a complex upon phosphorylation to form γ-H2AX marking sites of DNA double-strand breaks. GAPDH apart from glycolysis engages in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. Each of these proteins fulfills diverse roles in cellular homeostasis.
Pathways
Cleaved PARP1 Histone H2A.X and GAPDH are integral to the DNA damage response and apoptosis pathways. PARP1 interacts extensively with proteins like caspase-3 during apoptosis while γ-H2AX plays a role in recruiting other DNA repair proteins to damage sites. GAPDH through its involvement connects glycolytic pathways to apoptosis acting as a metabolic sensor. The interplay between these proteins ensures the maintenance of genomic integrity and efficient energy utilization during cellular stress.
These targets connect to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Alterations in PARP1 contribute to cancer progression by disrupting DNA repair pathways with Cleaved PARP1 serving as a marker for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Histone H2A.X has a role in cancer due to its associations with genomic instability. GAPDH's abnormal localization and activity link to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. The roles of PARP1 and Histone H2A.X in the modulation of DNA repair emphasize their significance in disease pathology and potential therapeutic targets.