Abcam, ab189574, Human HMW Kininogen ELISA Kit

Size: 1 x 96Tests
Human HMW Kininogen ELISA Kit is a Sandwich (quantitative) ELISA for the measurement of Human HMW Kininogen in Human in Biofluids, Cell Culture Media samples.
Key facts
Detection method:Colorimetric,
Sample types:Saliva, Urine, Heparin Plasma, Citrate plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum, EDTA Plasma,
Reacts with:Human,
Assay type:Sandwich (quantitative),
Sensitivity:= 11.5 pg/mL,
Range:39.1 - 2500 pg/mL,
Assay time:1h 30m,
Assay Platform:Microplate

Product details:
Human HMW Kininogen ELISA Kit (ab189574) is a single-wash 90 min sandwich ELISA designed for the quantitative measurement of HMW Kininogen protein in cit plasma, edta plasma, hep plasma, serum, saliva, urine, and cell culture supernatant. It uses our proprietary SimpleStep ELISA® technology. Quantitate Human HMW Kininogen with 11.5 pg/ml sensitivity.
SimpleStep ELISA® technology employs capture antibodies conjugated to an affinity tag that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody used to coat our SimpleStep ELISA® plates. This approach to sandwich ELISA allows the formation of the antibody-analyte sandwich complex in a single step, significantly reducing assay time. See the SimpleStep ELISA® protocol summary in the image section for further details. Our SimpleStep ELISA® technology provides several benefits:
- Single-wash protocol reduces assay time to 90 minutes or less
- High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility from superior antibodies
- Fully validated in biological samples
- 96-wells plate breakable into 12 x 8 wells strips
A 384-well SimpleStep ELISA® microplate (
ab203359
) is available to use as an alternative to the 96-well microplate provided with SimpleStep ELISA® kits.
High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) is a 72kDa highly glycosylated protein with an important role in the assembly of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system and in the blood coagulation process. It is encoded by the KNG1 gene, which generates both HMWK and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) via alternative splicing. Both HMWK and LMWK share a heavy chain consisting of protein domains 1, 2 and 3 and differ in their light chain. HMWK contains a 56kDa light chain consisting of domain 5 and 6H, whereas LMWK contains a 4kDa light chain consisting of domain 5L. Heavy and light chains of HMWK and LMWK are linked via domain 4 which contains the bradykinin nonapeptide.
HMWK is mainly secreted by the liver and helps position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII. Positioning of prekallikrein in contact with factor XII results in activation and cleavage of factor XII into factor XIIa. This leads to a positive feedback mechanisms of contact activation and cleavage of HMWK with the release of bradykinin. Active bradykinin affects smooth muscle contraction, induces hypotension, natriuresis, diuresis, decreases blood glucose level, mediates inflammation by releasing prostaglandins, increases vascular permeability and stimulates nociceptors. Furthermore, HMWK also inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes.
HMWK deficiency is an autosomal recessive coagulation defect known as Fitzgerald trait, Flaujeac trait, Fujiwara trait, Reid trait or Williams's trait. Patients with low levels of HMWK exhibit abnormal surface-mediated activation of fibrinolysis noted by prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT), normal prothrombin time (PT) and normal thrombin time typically found during a preoperative screening workup in asymptomatic individuals. A SNPs in KNG1 gene (rs710446) has been significantly associated with shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) increasing the risk of venous thrombosis.

Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-Multi, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-Multi, Storage information-Please refer to protocols

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The kininogen is a protein involved in various biological processes and also known as high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). This protein which has a mass of approximately 120 kDa circulates in the plasma. Kininogen is synthesized by the liver and endothelial cells where it exists as HMWK. It serves as a precursor to kinins like bradykinin which are important in regulating blood pressure and inflammation.
Biological function summary
Kininogen participates in the kallikrein-kinin system. It plays an important role in blood coagulation and the inflammatory response. HMWK is not part of a complex but interacts with factors such as prekallikrein and Factor XII. By serving as a co-factor HMWK facilitates the activation of these molecules which progresses the coagulation cascade and inflammatory pathways.
Pathways
The kininogen functions within the kallikrein-kinin and coagulation systems. It interacts closely with enzymes like kallikrein which cleaves kininogen to release bradykinin assisting in vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability. Additionally HMWK is tethered to the intrinsic pathway of coagulation by activation of Factor XII which links it to proteins involved in blood clot formation.
The kininogen is associated with hereditary angioedema and bradykinin-mediated edema. Abnormalities in its function can lead to excessive bradykinin release. This condition involves excessive swelling due to alterations in vascular permeability. Moreover the protein is linked to chronic inflammatory diseases through its connection with the bradykinin receptor and related peptides.