Abcam, ab2479, Anti-Glycogen synthase 1/GYS1 (phospho S641) antibody

Size: 50µg
Rabbit Polyclonal antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB and reacts with Human, Mouse samples. Cited in 5 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Synthetic Peptide within Human GYS1 phospho S641 aa 600-650 conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin.
Key facts
Host species:Rabbit,
Clonality:Polyclonal,
Isotype:IgG,
Carrier free:No,
Reacts with:Mouse, Human,
Applications:IHC-P, WBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Immunogen:Synthetic Peptide within Human GYS1 phospho S641 aa 600-650 conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.P13807,
Specificity:Phospho Glycogen Synthase pS641 antibody is directed against human muscle glycogen synthase. This phospho specific polyclonal antibody is specific for phosphorylated pS641 of human muscle glycogen synthase. Reactivity with non-phosphorylated human muscle glycogen synthase is less than 1% by ELISA.  Cross reactivity with muscle glycogen synthase occurs in mouse tissue. Reactivity with muscle glycogen synthase from other sources has not been determined.

Product details:
Human muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) is responsible for the biosynthesis of glycogen from phosphorylated glucose units. Mammalian liver and muscle contain GS consisting of four subunits with a total molecular weight of 360,000. GS is subject to regulation through both allosteric and covalent modification and occurs in two forms: the phosphorylated inactive form, and the dephosphorylated active form. GYS1 is inactivated by the serine/threonine kinase called glycogen synthase kinase-3b that mainly functions to phosphorylate muscle glycogen synthase. This antibody is specific for the phosphorylated form of GYS1 at Ser 640. Phosphorylation of GYS1 at S640 has been associated with Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purification technique-Affinity purification Immunogen, Purification notes-This antibody was affinity purified from monospecific antiserum by immunoaffinity purification. Antiserum was first purified against the phosphorylated form of the immunizing peptide. The resultant affinity purified antibody was then cross-adsorbed against the non-phosphorylated form of the immunizing peptide., Storage buffer-pH: 7.2Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azideConstituents: 0.88% Sodium chloride, 0.424% Potassium phosphate solution, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage duration-1-2 weeks, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Aliquoting information-Upon delivery aliquot, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) also known as muscle glycogen synthase catalyzes the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. It adds glucose units from UDP-glucose to the non-reducing ends of glycogen chains facilitating glycogen elongation. The molecular mass of GYS1 is approximately 85 kDa. It is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue providing energy storage primarily in the form of glycogen. GYS1 is regulated through phosphorylation wherein it undergoes inactive to active conformational changes.
Biological function summary
This enzyme plays a critical role in the energy storage mechanism of muscle tissues. GYS1 functions as a part of the glycogen synthase complex interacting with various glycogen-associated proteins to modulate its activity. These interactions control the enzyme's affinity for its substrate and its susceptibility to regulatory signals like phosphorylation affecting glycogen synthesis efficiency. Through its activity GYS1 ensures a readily available reserve of glucose in muscle tissues for rapid energy production when required.
Pathways
Glycogen synthase 1 is a central component of the glycogen metabolism pathway. It acts alongside other enzymes such as glycogen phosphorylase which catalyzes glycogen breakdown. The balance between GYS1 and glycogen phosphorylase determines the rate of glycogen turnover within cells. GYS1 is further regulated by the insulin signaling pathway where insulin promotes glycogen synthesis by altering GYS1 activity alongside proteins like AKT influencing glucose homeostasis and energy management in tissues.
Dysregulation of GYS1 activity often associates with glycogen storage diseases notably Type 0 where deficiencies in glycogen storage lead to episodes of low blood sugar and reduced exercise capacity. Furthermore aberrations in GYS1 function contribute to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes conditions linked with impaired glucose metabolism. Altered GYS1 activity impacts proteins like glycogen phosphorylase affecting overall glycogen metabolism balance and contributing to metabolic disorders.