Abcam, ab20902, HRP Anti-Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 antibody

Size: 500µL
Goat Polyclonal Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 antibody - conjugated to HRP. Suitable for ICC, ELISA and reacts with Human respirovirus 3, Human orthorubulavirus 2 samples. Cited in 2 publications.
Key facts
Host species:Goat,
Clonality:Polyclonal,
Isotype:IgG,
Conjugation:HRP,
Carrier free:No,
Reacts with:Human orthorubulavirus 2, Human respirovirus 3,
Applications:ICC, ELISASee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.

Product details:
Note: Use of sodium azide as a preservative will substantially inhibit the enzyme activity of horseradish peroxidase.Care is taken to ensure adequate conjugation while preserving maximum enzyme activity. The estimated molar HRP:IgG substitution is 2-3.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purity-IgG fraction, Purification notes-ab21902 is covalently coupled to a highly purified preparation of Horseradish Peroxidase (RZ>3). Free enzyme is absent., Storage buffer-Preservative: 0.002% Thimerosal (merthiolate)Constituents: PBS, 1% BSA, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 are members of the Paramyxoviridae family primarily affecting the respiratory system. These viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses with a non-segmented genome. They express proteins like hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins. The viral envelope incorporates these proteins to facilitate host cell entry. RNA polymerase and nucleoprotein (N) are also present playing critical roles in viral replication and transcription. These viruses mainly express in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and spread through aerosols or direct contact.
Biological function summary
Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 play roles in acute respiratory illness. They participate in forming the viral ribonucleoprotein complex along with N phosphoprotein (P) and large protein (L). The HN protein binds sialic acid receptors on host cells while the F protein enables membrane fusion promoting viral entry. The virus bypasses the host's immune response by inhibiting interferon signaling aiding in viral persistence.
Pathways
Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 integrate themselves into the host's immune signaling mechanisms. They interfere with the JAK-STAT pathway important for antiviral responses. The viruses directly inhibit signaling through interaction with STAT1 and STAT2 proteins hindering the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. These interactions allow the virus to evade immune detection promoting infection and propagation.
Parainfluenza Virus type 2 and 3 are significant contributors to croup and bronchiolitis in children. They are linked to lower respiratory tract infections which can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients. The virus impacts the expression of cytokines and chemokines exacerbating inflammation. Proteins like HN are significant in inducing immune pathologies associated with these respiratory conditions marking them as targets for therapeutic interventions.