Abcam, ab228413, Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - BSA and Azide free

Size: 100µg / 1mg
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal PD-L1 antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for mIHC, IHC-P, Flow Cyt, WB, ICC/IF and reacts with Human, Transfected cell line samples.
Key facts
Host species:Rabbit,
Clonality:Monoclonal,
Clone number:28-8,
Isotype:IgG,
Carrier free:Yes,
Reacts with:Human,
Applications:ICC/IF, IHC-P, Flow Cyt, mIHC, WBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Immunogen:The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Product details:
ab228413 is the carrier-free version of abab205921.
Additional information on positive controls:
Tissue:
Tonsil- with hyperreactive changes
Note: Tonsil Specimens- is recommended to screen several hyper-reactive tonsils to find those with highest expression of PD-L1 in crypt epithelium, macrophages homing the germinal centers and interfollicular mononuclear leukocytes.
Tumor tissues- prescreened for positive tumor and inflammatory infiltrates
Note: Tumor Specimens- PD-L1 expression varies by tumor type so screening is recommended to find positive and negative tumor controls. Refer to web link publication below to find some suggested tumor types. Many tumor specimens have some inflammatory macrophages and mononuclear leukocytes. Look for specimens with high numbers of these cells
Cell Lines: Positives: B-CPAP- high, ES-2- medium, HCC70 - low
For IHC on FFPE tissues, antigen retrieval buffer (
ab208572
IHC detection kit HRP/DAB (
ab209101
is recommended.
For primary negative control, isotype control
RabMAb negative control antibody (
ab172730
is recommended.
For negative control sample, use cell line COLO205, see
ab95363
For PD-L1 protein
ab167713
Recommended protocols:
For IHC usage on FFPE tissues, the following antigen solution is recommended with clone 28-8 - Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (
ab208572
Western blot usage
For clone 28-8, it is recommended to use Odyssey system. This system has the advantages of a wider dynamic range and less background than chemiluminescence.
Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] has been used as detector antibody in
Human PD-L1 SimpleStep ELISA
kit (ab214565)
Patented technology
Our RabMAb
technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to
RabMAb® patents
What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production
For more information, read more on
recombinant antibodies
Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our
conjugation kits
for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
Compatibility
This product is compatible with the Maxpar
Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar
is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purification technique-Affinity purification Protein A, Storage buffer-pH: 7.2 - 7.4Constituents: PBS, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Do Not Freeze

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
PD-L1 also known as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 or CD274 is a protein involved in immune modulation. Mechanically PD-L1 interacts with its receptors particularly PD-1 to regulate cellular immune responses. This transmembrane protein has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 33 kDa. PD-L1 is expressed on various cell types including tumor cells and immune cells such as dendritic cells macrophages and B cells. Its expression is often upregulated in response to inflammatory cytokines.
Biological function summary
PD-L1 plays a central role in immune evasion mechanisms utilized by tumors. It is not part of a larger protein complex but directly interacts with PD-1 and CD80. When PD-L1 binds to PD-1 it sends inhibitory signals leading to decreased T cell activation and proliferation allowing cancer cells to avoid immune destruction. PD-L1 expression provides a mechanism for tumors to suppress immune surveillance facilitating tumor progression.
Pathways
PD-L1 is integral to the immune checkpoint pathway which is an important regulator of immune response. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 provides a mechanism for immune tolerance which is part of the broader adaptive immune system pathway. PD-L1 is related to other immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 in its function to limit autoreactivity and promote immune homeostasis.
PD-L1 is most associated with cancer particularly in tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells often correlates with poor prognosis. PD-L1 directly interacts with PD-1 in these cancers a target for immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors which aim to block this interaction and restore immune activity against tumors. PD-L1 involvement extends to autoimmune disorders where altered expression can impact tolerance and lead to immune-related tissue damage.