Abcam, ab286013, Recombinant human CD28 protein (Active)

Size: 10µg / 100µg
Recombinant human CD28 protein (Active) is a Human Fragment protein, in the 19 to 152 aa range, expressed in HEK 293 cells, with >95%, < 0.2 EU/µg endotoxin level, suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS.
Key facts
Purity:>95% SDS-PAGE,
Endotoxin level:< 0.2 EU/µg,
Expression system:HEK 293 cells,
Tags:Fc tag C-Terminus,
Applications:SDS-PAGE, FuncSSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Biologically active:Yes,
Biological activity:Human biotinylated CD80, Fc Tag can bind to immobilized human CD28, Fc Tag at 1 μg/mL, 100 μL/well with a linear range of 0.03 – 0.81 μg/mL.,
Accession:P10747,
Animal free:No,
Carrier free:No,
Species:Human,
Reconstitution:Reconstitute in PBS, 0.1% BSA,
Storage buffer:pH: 7.4Constituents: 95% PBS, 5% Trehalose

Product details:
This product is manufactured by BioVision, an Abcam company and was previously called 9237 Human CellExp™ CD28, Human Recombinant. 9237-100 is the same size as the 100 μg size of ab286013.

Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.
Biological function summary
CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.
Pathways
CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.
CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.