Abcam, ab8087, Anti-Endothelium antibody [EN4]

Size: 1mL
Mouse Monoclonal Endothelium antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, IHC-Fr and reacts with Guinea pig, Human, Cat samples. Cited in 6 publications.
Key facts
Host species:Mouse,
Clonality:Monoclonal,
Clone number:EN4,
Isotype:IgG1,
Carrier free:No,
Reacts with:Guinea pig, Cat, Human,
Applications:IHC-Fr, WB, IHC-PSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Specificity:This antibody stains all human blood vessels including brain microvessels. Both large and small vessels are equally reactive. The EN4 antigen is preserved in endothelial cells in culture unlike the PAL-E antigen (ab8086) which is lost. It stains strongly murine fibroblasts transfected with the human CD31 gene. On surface-iodinated Jurkat T cells it recognizes the 130 kD CD31 antigen. EN4 also binds to guinea-pig and cat endothelium, but not to rabbit, bovine, sheep, dog, rat or mice endothelial cells. No other structures in the skin, heart, kidney, tonsils or spleen are stained with this antibody.

Product details:
The antibody is useful for immunohistological staining of endothelia. Lymphatic endothelium is stained (unlike the PAL-E antibody). Kaposi's sarcoma and other vascular tumors of endothelial cell origin are also stained.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purity-Tissue culture supernatant, Storage buffer-pH: 7.3Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azideConstituents: 0.1% BSA, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage duration-1-2 weeks, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Aliquoting information-Upon delivery aliquot

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The endothelium a monolayer of cells lining blood vessels plays an important role in vascular function and maintenance. Endothelial cells have a mass of approximately 35 kDa and are found in arteries veins and capillaries including the heart and lymphatic vessels. These cells form a selective barrier between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues regulating the exchange of fluids solutes and macromolecules. The endothelium also modulates blood flow and pressure through interaction with vascular smooth muscle cells.
Biological function summary
The endothelium contributes to several critical processes including vascular homeostasis coagulation and inflammation regulation. It operates as part of the vascular system interacting with components like platelets and leukocytes to mediate immune responses. The endothelium produces signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) which is essential for vasodilation. This layer also responds to mechanical stimuli from blood flow adapting its structure and function accordingly.
Pathways
The endothelium engages in the nitric oxide and endothelin pathways which balance vasodilation and vasoconstriction. In the nitric oxide pathway the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) becomes activated producing NO that signals smooth muscle relaxation. Within the endothelin pathway endothelin-1 interacts with vascular smooth muscle cells causing vasoconstriction. Both pathways are integral to maintaining vascular tone and regulating blood pressure.
The endothelium's dysfunction is associated with conditions such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In atherosclerosis the impaired endothelial function leads to plaque formation and arterial stiffness. Hypertension involves chronic constriction and reduced NO bioavailability affecting endothelium-mediated vasodilation. Related proteins include low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for atherosclerosis and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in hypertension both impacting endothelial health and function.