Abcam, ab83352, Recombinant HIV tat (mutated C22) protein

Size: 50µg
Recombinant HIV tat (mutated C22) protein is a HIV-1 M:B_HXB2R Full Length protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, with >90%, suitable for SDS-PAGE, WB, BL, FuncS.
Key facts
Purity:>90% SDS-PAGE,
Expression system:Escherichia coli,
Tags:Tag free,
Applications:BL, FuncS, WB, SDS-PAGESee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Biologically active:No,
Accession:P04608,
Animal free:No,
Carrier free:No,
Species:HIV-1 M:B_HXB2R,
Reconstitution:Reconstitute in water,
Storage buffer:pH: 7.5Constituents: 6.96% Sodium chloride, 2.5% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.91% Mannitol, 0.328% Sodium phosphate, 0.284% Disodium hydrogenorthophosphate, 0.24% Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0154% (R*,R*)-1,4-Dimercaptobutan-2,3-diol

Product details:
Reacts with anti-Tat antibodies from human, monkey, rabbit and mouse serum.

Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--80°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--80°C

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The HIV tat protein also known as Trans-Activator of Transcription plays an important role in the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It possesses a molecular mass of approximately 14 to 15 kDa and it is expressed in cells infected by HIV. The tat protein contains a domain that allows it to transactivate HIV-1 promoter located in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of the viral genome. It binds to the TAR RNA element and recruits cellular transcription factors that are essential for effective viral replication.
Biological function summary
The HIV tat protein enhances the transcription of the HIV genome. It acts not only as a transcriptional activator but also modifies cellular environments to favor viral propagation. Tat is part of a transcriptional complex that includes RNA polymerase II Cyclin T1 and CDK9. This complex hyperphosphorylates the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II which increases transcriptional elongation allowing complete synthesis of viral RNA.
Pathways
Interactions facilitated by the HIV tat protein significantly impact the host cell. It involves pathways such as the NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. These pathways are important for inflammation and cell survival processes. NF-κB a protein complex is often activated by tat through interaction with IκB kinase pushing the infected cell into a state favorable for viral production. Similarly tat-mediated activation of the MAPK pathway can enhance viral replication influencing proteins like ERK and JNK within the pathway.
The HIV tat protein is directly linked to the progression of AIDS and associated neurological disorders. By potentiating HIV replication it exacerbates immune suppression seen in AIDS. Tat also contributes to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) by disrupting neuronal function and survival. Infected cells release tat which can then affect neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Through these mechanisms tat is associated with other proteins like Nef which also play roles in disease manifestation in HIV-infected individuals.