Abcam, ab8378, FITC Anti-TLR4 antibody [HTA125]

Size: 25µg / 100µg
Mouse Monoclonal TLR4 antibody - conjugated to FITC. Suitable for Flow Cyt and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 11 publications.
Key facts
Host species:Mouse,
Clonality:Monoclonal,
Clone number:HTA125,
Isotype:IgG2a,
Conjugation:FITC,
Excitation/Emission:Ex: 495nm, Em: 519nm,
Carrier free:No,
Reacts with:Human,
Applications:Flow CytSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Specificity:This antibody recognises the human Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) cell surface antigen. TLR4 has been demonstrated to act as alpha receptor for LPS on human monocytes and macrophages. TLR4 signalling of LPS stimulation requires the presence of the MD-2 molecule. TLR4 is weakly expressed by resting cells, but is upregulated following stimulation with LPS.This antibody has been demonstrated to block activation of monocytes with LPS.

Properties and Storage Information:
Form-Liquid, Purification technique-Affinity purification Protein G, Storage buffer-Preservative: 0.1% Sodium azideConstituents: PBS, Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C

Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a membrane protein involved in the innate immune response. It serves as a receptor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides from bacterial cell walls. Often referred to by its alternate names TLR-2 and CD284 this protein has a molecular weight of approximately 95 kDa. TLR4 is mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells enabling these cells to detect and respond to microbial invaders effectively.
Biological function summary
TLR4 plays an important role in activating the immune system. It forms a complex with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) to facilitate binding to its ligands. Upon activation TLR4 triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons which are important for initiating the immune response. This early detection mechanism alerts the immune system to the presence of pathogens allowing the body to mount a defense.
Pathways
TLR4 participates in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These pathways are central to the inflammatory response with TLR4 acting as a sensor that activates downstream components like the MyD88 and TRIF proteins. These interactions result in the expression of genes that produce cytokines and enzymes involved in inflammation and immunity.
TLR4 has been implicated in the development of sepsis and atherosclerosis. In sepsis TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharides from bacterial infections which can cause excessive inflammation if uncontrolled. In atherosclerosis TLR4 receptors on vascular cells respond to endogenous ligands such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins contributing to plaque formation. The TLR4 interaction with proteins like CD14 and MD-2 is significant as it influences the inflammatory pathways that exacerbate these conditions.