Biolegend, 637054, Ultra-LEAF™ Purified anti-human Galectin-9 Antibody, 1mg

Galectins constitute a family of conserved animal lectins, which are characterized by their affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and sequence similarities in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). In vertebrates, the Galectin family comprises 15 members. Galectins have been classified into three types: a) Prototype monomeric Galectins with a single polypeptide chain that dimerize (Galectin-1, -2, -5, -7, -10, -11, -13 -14, and -15); b) Tandem repeat galectins composed of a single polypeptide chain with two CRDs, joined by a linker peptide (Galectin-4, -6, -8, -9, and -12); and c) Chimeric galectin, thus far containing only Galectin-3, which consists of one C-terminal CRD linked to an N-terminal domain. Galectin-9 may be retained intracellularly or transported to the cell surface where it can be cleaved to generate a soluble form. Galectin-9 functions in effector and regulatory phases of the immune response. During inflammation, the production of Galectin-9 in vivo generates a microenvironment that limits effector T cell responses. Galectin-9 can negatively regulate the Th1 immune response by engaging TIM-3 on T cells, which leads to induction of intracellular Ca2+ influx and activation of apoptosis pathways. In addition, Galectin-9 has been shown to function as a urate transporter in the kidney. Galectin-9 has been identified as a possible prognostic marker in breast cancer, melanoma, and oral squamous cell carcinomas.
1mg
Verified Reactivity: Human
Antibody Type: Monoclonal
Host Species: Rat
Immunogen: Recombinant human Galectin-9
Formulation: 0.2 µm filtered in phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing no preservative.
Endotoxin Level: Less than 0.01 EU/μg of the protein (< 0.001 ng/μg of the protein) as determined by the LAL test
Preparation: The Ultra-LEAF™ (Low Endotoxin, Azide-Free) antibody was purified by affinity chromatography.
Concentration: The antibody is bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial, typically between 2 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL. To obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.
Storage & Handling: The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C. This Ultra-LEAF™ solution contains no preservative; handle under aseptic conditions.
Application: Block - Quality tested
Recommended Usage: Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by blocking the binding of 2 µg/mL recombinant human TIM-3-Fc chimera (Cat. No 759904) to immobilized 5 µg/mL recombinant human Galectin-9 (E. coli expressed) (Cat. No. 754806). ND50 = 0.5 – 3 μg/mL. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
RRID: AB_3106077 (BioLegend Cat. No. 637053) AB_3106077 (BioLegend Cat. No. 637054)
Structure: Homodimer
Distribution: Galectin-9 is expressed by lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, astrocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, thymus stromal cells, and epithelial cells.
Function: Cell aggregation, adhesion, chemotaxis, apoptosis, suppression of Th1 and Th17 responses, and induction of regulatory T cells. IFN-γ induces galectin-9 expression in fibroblasts, endothelial, and Kupffer cells. IL-1β and IL-5 induces it in astrocytes and eosinophils, respectively.
Interaction: Extracellular matrix
Ligand/Receptor: Galectin-9 binds to glycans featuring galactose and its derivatives: CD44 and TIM-3.
Biology Area: Apoptosis/Tumor Suppressors/Cell Death, Cell Adhesion, Cell Biology, Cell Motility/Cytoskeleton/Structure, Immunology, Stem Cells
Molecular Family: Adhesion Molecules, Immune Checkpoint Receptors
Antigen References: Toscano MA, et al. 2009. Nat Immunol Rev. 9:338-52. Hadari YR, et al. 2000. J Cell Sci. 113:2385-52. Tsuboi Y, et al. 2007. Clin Immunol. 124:221-33. Zhu C, et al. 2005. Nat Immunol. 6:1245-52. Wu C, et al. 2014. Immunity. 41:270-82. Graessler J, et al. 2000. Adv Exp Med Biol. 486:179-83. Bacigalupo ML, et al. 2013. World J Gastroenterol. 47:8831-49.
Gene ID: 3965
UniProt: View information about Galectin-9 on UniProt.org
Clone: W21100D
Regulatory Status: RUO
Other Names: HUAT, Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (LGALS9), LGALS9A
Isotype: Rat IgG2b, κ
Q: Do you guarantee that your antibodies are totally pathogen free?
A: BioLegend does not test for pathogens in-house aside from the GoInVivo™ product line. However, upon request, this can be tested on a custom basis with an outside, independent laboratory.
Q: Does BioLegend test each Ultra-LEAF™ antibody by functional assay?
A: No, BioLegend does not test Ultra-LEAF™ antibodies by functional assays unless otherwise indicated. Due to the possible complexities and variations of uses of biofunctional antibodies in different assays and because of the large product portfolio, BioLegend does not currently perform functional assays as a routine QC for the antibodies. However, we do provide references in which the antibodies were used for functional assays and we do perform QC to verify the specificity and quality of the antibody based on our strict specification criteria.
Q: Does BioLegend test each Ultra-LEAF™ antibody for potential pathogens?
A: No, BioLegend does not test for pathogens in-house unless otherwise indicated.  However, we can recommend an outside vendor to perform this testing as needed.
Q: Have you tested this Ultra-LEAF™ antibody for in vivo or in vitro applications?
A: We don't test our antibodies for in vivo or in vitro applications unless otherwise indicated. Depending on the product, the TDS may describe literature supporting usage of a particular product for bioassay. It may be best to further consult the literature to find clone specific information.