Biolegend, 808004, Purified anti-CD230 (Prion) Antibody (Previously Covance catalog# SIG-399810), 25microl

Prions cause neurodegenerative disease by aggregating extracellularly within the central nervous system which disrupt the normal tissue structure. This disruption is characterized by "holes" in the tissue with resultant spongy architecture. Two conformational isoforms exist, the normal cellular isoform (PrP C ) and the infectious, scrapie isoform (PrP SC ). Other histological changes include astrogliosis and the absence of an inflammatory reaction. Neurodegenerative symptoms can include convulsions, dementia, ataxia (balance and coordination dysfunction), and behavioral or personality changes. All known prion diseases are collectively called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Prion (PrP) is highly conserved through mammals and comparison between primates ranges from 92.9-99.6% similarity in amino acid sequence. The human protein structure consists of a globular domain with three α-helices and a two-strand antiparallel β-sheet, an NH2-terminal tail, and a short COOH-terminal tail. A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor at the COOH-terminal tethers PrP to cell membranes. This anchor is integral to the transmission of conformational change; secreted PrP lacking the anchor component is unaffected by the infectious isoform. PrPSC accumulates in compact, protease-resistant aggregates within neural tissue and has a different secondary and tertiary structure from PrPC, but an identical primary sequence. The primary sequence of PrP is 253 amino acids long before posttranslational modification. Signal sequences in the amino- and carboxy- terminal ends are removed posttranslationally, resulting in a mature length of 208. For human and Syrian hamster PrP, two glycosylated sites exist on helices 2 and 3 at Asn181 and Asn197. Murine PrP has glycosylation sites as Asn180 and Asn196. A disulfide bond exists between Cys179 of the second helix and Cys214 of the third helix (human PrPC numbering). The precise function of PrP is not yet known, but it is possibly involved in the transport of ionic copper to cells from the surrounding environment. Researchers have also proposed roles for PrP in cell signaling or in the formation of synapses. Spatial learning, a predominantly hippocampal-function, is decreased in PrP null mice and can be recovered with the reinstatement of PrP in neurons; indicating that loss of PrP function is the cause. PrP is present in both pre- and post-synaptic neuron cells, and the greatest concentration is in the pre-synaptic cells. Some research indicates PrP involvement in neuronal development, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth. The PrP-activated signal transduction pathway is associated with axon and dendritic outgrowth with a series of kinases. Though most attention is focused on PrP’s presence in the nervous system, it is also abundant in immune system tissue. PrP immune cells include haematopoietic stem cells, mature lymphoid and myeloid compartments, and certain lymphocytes; also, it has been detected in natural killer cells, platelets, and monocytes. T cell activation is accompanied by a strong up-regulation of PrP, though it is not requisite. The lack of immuno-response to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions, could stem from the tolerance for PrPSc.
25microl
Verified Reactivity: Human
Antibody Type: Monoclonal
Host Species: Mouse
Formulation: Phosphate-buffered solution; no preservatives or carrier proteins.
Preparation: This antibody was purified by affinity chromatography.
Concentration: 2.0 mg/ml
Storage & Handling: This antibody should be handled aseptically as it is free of preservatives such as Sodium Azide. Store this antibody undiluted between 2°C and 8°C. Please note the storage condition for this antibody has been changed from -20°C to between 2°C and 8°C. You can also check the vial label or CoA to find the proper storage conditions.
Application: FC - Quality tested IHC, WB, ELISA, IP - Reported in the literature, not verified in house
Recommended Usage: Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µl volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
Application Notes: This antibody is effective in immunoblotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, immunoprecipitation (IP), and flow cytometry (FC). 6D11 reacts with both the PrPc and PrPsc forms. The epitope falls within amino acids 93-109 of PrP.
Application References(PubMed link indicates BioLegend citation): Kondoh G, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme is a GPI-anchoredprotein releasing factor crucial for fertilization. Nat Med 11(2):160-66, 2005. (IHC) Gilch S, et al. Recognition of lumenal prion proetin aggregates bypost-ER quality control mechanisms is mediated by the preoctarepeat region of PrP. Traffic 5:300-313, 2004. (WB, IHC, ELISA) Nishina K, et al. In vitro prion protein conversion in detergentsolubilized membranes. Biochem 43:2613-2621, 2004. (IP) Shiga Y, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities as an early marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurol 63:443-449, 2004. (WB, IHC, IP, ELISA) Zou W, et al. Antibody to DNA detects scrapie but not normal prion protein. PNAS 101(5):1380-1385, 2004. Kitamoto T, et al. Formic acid pretreatment enhances immunostaining of cerebral and systemic amyloids. Lab Invest 57:230-236, 1987. Kascsak, et al. Mouse polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to scrapie associated fibril proteins. J Virol 61:3688-3693, 1987. Spinner DS, et al. 2007. J. Leuko. Biol. 81:1374. (IHC, WB)
Product Citations: Wu B et al. 2017. eLife. 6 pii: e23473. PubMed Evangelisti E, et al. 2012. J Cell Sci. 2416:125. PubMed Ribes JM, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 8354:14. PubMed Jones E, et al. 2024. Neurobiol Dis. 106363:190. PubMed Fremuntova Z, et al. 2024. Eur J Neurosci. 4437:60. PubMed Matamoros-Angles A, et al. 2024. J Extracell Vesicles. e70011:13. PubMed Kostelanska M, et al. 2022. Molecules. 27:. PubMed Fremuntova Z, et al. 2020. Biol Cell. 112:1. PubMed Lee JY, et al. 2017. Sci Rep. 7:8958. PubMed Uchiyama K, et al. 2021. Int J Mol Sci. 22:. PubMed Moda F, et al. 2015. PLoS Pathog. 11: 1005354. PubMed Marshall K, et al. 2017. J Virol. 91(2). PubMed Bistaffa E, et al. 2021. eLife. 10:00. PubMed Uchiyama K, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathogens. 13(6):e1006470. PubMed Mikhail A Kostylev et al. 2018. Molecular cell. 72(3):426-443 . PubMed Morales R, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6:20526. PubMed
RRID: AB_2715838 (BioLegend Cat. No. 808004) AB_2564735 (BioLegend Cat. No. 808001) AB_2564736 (BioLegend Cat. No. 808002) AB_2564737 (BioLegend Cat. No. 808003)
Biology Area: Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Protein Misfolding and Aggregation
Molecular Family: Prion (CD230)
Gene ID: 5621
UniProt: View information about CD230 on UniProt.org
Clone: 6D11
Regulatory Status: RUO
Other Names: Major prion protein, p27-30, CD230 antigen, prion protein PrP, prion-related protein
Previously: Covance Catalog# SIG-399810Signet Catalog# 9810-02Signet Catalog# 9810-05Signet Catalog# 9810-10
Isotype: Mouse IgG2a, κ