CST, 15119S, CTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying CTLA-4. Validated for Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized),Flow Cytometry (Live). Available in 2 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, CTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (CST #15119) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized): 1:200 Flow Cytometry (Live): 1:200 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized), Flow Cytometry (Live) Specificity / Sensitivity CTLA-4 (D4E9I) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein. Species Reactivity: Human Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp100 of human CTLA-4 protein. Background Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8 cytotoxic T cells, CD4 helper T cells, and CD4 /FoxP3 regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12). Alternate Names activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule; AILIM; ALPS5; CD; CD152; CD278; celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA-4; CTLA4; cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 short spliced form; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4; GRD4; GSE; ICOS; IDDM12; inducible costimulator; inducible T-cell co-stimulator; inducible T-cell costimulator; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 12; ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; MGC39850 Specification REACTIVITY: H SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 30 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG