CST, 16479S, Total HDAC4 Matched Antibody Pair

Matched Antibody Pair for studying HDAC4 in the research area. Product Usage Information Matched Antibody Pairs consist of capture and detection antibodies that bind to non-overlapping epitopes. For specific identification of the capture and detection antibodies in this pair, please refer to the data figure caption. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. Formulation Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free. Storage Store at -20ºC. This product will freeze at -20ºC so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles . A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance. Background Acetylation of the histone tail causes chromatin to adopt an "open" conformation, allowing increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. The identification of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and their large multiprotein complexes has yielded important insights into how these enzymes regulate transcription (1,2). HAT complexes interact with sequence-specific activator proteins to target specific genes. In addition to histones, HATs can acetylate nonhistone proteins, suggesting multiple roles for these enzymes (3). In contrast, histone deacetylation promotes a "closed" chromatin conformation and typically leads to repression of gene activity (4). Mammalian histone deacetylases can be divided into three classes on the basis of their similarity to various yeast deacetylases (5). Class I proteins (HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 8) are related to the yeast Rpd3-like proteins, those in class II (HDACs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10) are related to yeast Hda1-like proteins, and class III proteins are related to the yeast protein Sir2. Inhibitors of HDAC activity are now being explored as potential therapeutic cancer agents (6,7). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) interact with an increasing number of transcription factors, including myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), to negatively regulate gene expression. HDACs are regulated in part by shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm, where export to the cytoplasm facilitates gene activation by removing HDACs from their target genes (8,9). The cytoplasmic export is facilitated by 14-3-3 proteins, which bind to specific phosphoserine residues on the HDAC proteins (8,9). These phosphoserine 14-3-3 binding modules are highly conserved between HDAC proteins, allowing for their collective regulation in response to specific cell stimuli. For example, the highly conserved HDAC4 Ser246, HDAC5 Ser259 and HDAC7 Ser155 residues are all phosphorylated by CAMK and PKD kinases in response to multiple cell stimuli, including VEGF-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells, B cell and T cell activation, and differentiation of myoblasts into muscle fiber (10-14). Alternate Names AHO3; BDMR; HA6116; HD4; HDAC-4; HDAC-A; HDAC4; HDACA; Histone deacetylase 4; histone deacetylase A; KIAA0288 Specification REACTIVITY: H M Mk