CST, 26893SF, CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free)

Monoclonal Antibody for studying CTLA-4. Validated for WB,IHC,IHC,IF. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) (CST #26893) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information This product is the carrier free version of product #53560. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol. This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. Formulation Supplied in 1X PBS, BSA and Azide Free. For standard formulation of this product see product # 53560 . Storage Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance. Specificity / Sensitivity CTLA-4 (E2V1Z) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total CTLA-4 protein. Non-specific staining was observed in mouse and human normal and neoplastic liver, in human normal kidney, and in mouse stomach crypts. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln216 of human CTLA-4 protein. Background Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is an Ig superfamily member that negatively regulates early T cell activation (1-4). The CTLA-4 protein is primarily expressed on T cells, including CD8 cytotoxic T cells, CD4 helper T cells, and CD4 /FoxP3 regulatory T cells (1,2). CTLA-4 protein competes with CD28 for B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) binding at the cell surface, which results in the downregulation of T cell activity (5). The activation of SHP-2 and PP2A downstream of CTLA-4 attenuates TCR signaling (6). Research studies indicate that knockout mice display lymphoproliferative disorders leading to early death, confirming the role of CTLA-4 as a negative regulator of T cells (7). Mutations in the corresponding gene are associated with multiple disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type V autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (8,9). Additional studies demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy (10-12). Alternate Names activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule; AILIM; ALPS5; CD; CD152; CD278; celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA-4; CTLA4; cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 short spliced form; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4; GRD4; GSE; ICOS; IDDM12; inducible costimulator; inducible T-cell co-stimulator; inducible T-cell costimulator; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 12; ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; MGC39850 Specification REACTIVITY: H M SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 25-30 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG