CST, 27354S, Phospho-ULK1 (Thr660) (F1M3X) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying ULK1 (Thr660) phosphate. Validated for Western Blotting,Immunoprecipitation. Available in 2 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Phospho-ULK1 (Thr660) (F1M3X) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (CST #27354) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:100 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/mL BSA, 50% glycerol, and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation Specificity / Sensitivity Phospho-ULK1 (Thr660) (F1M3X) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of ULK1 protein only when phosphorylated at Thr660. Human Thr660 corresponds to Thr559 in mouse and rat. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr660 of human ULK1 protein. Background Two related serine/threonine kinases, UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1, ULK2), were discovered as mammalian homologs of the gene in which mutants exhibited abnormal axonal extension and growth (1-4). Both proteins are widely expressed and contain an amino-terminal kinase domain followed by a central proline/serine rich domain and a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain. The roles of ULK1 and ULK2 in axon growth have been linked to studies showing that the kinases are localized to neuronal growth cones and are involved in endocytosis of critical growth factors, such as NGF (5). Yeast two-hybrid studies found ULK1/2 associated with modulators of the endocytic pathway, SynGAP, and syntenin (6). Structural similarity of ULK1/2 has also been recognized with the yeast autophagy protein Atg1/Apg1 (7). Knockdown experiments using siRNA demonstrated that ULK1 is essential for autophagy (8), a catabolic process for the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (9,10). It appears that Atg1/ULK1 can act as a convergence point for multiple signals that control autophagy (11), and can bind to several autophagy-related (Atg) proteins, regulating phosphorylation states and protein trafficking (12-16). AMPK, activated during low nutrient conditions, directly phosphorylates ULK1 at multiple sites including Ser317, Ser555, and Ser777 (17,18). Conversely, mTOR, which is a regulator of cell growth and is an inhibitor of autophagy, phosphorylates ULK1 at Ser757 and disrupts the interaction between ULK1 and AMPK (17). More recently, an alterntative model has been proposed whereby AMPK phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555 and Thr660 during glucose starvation, inhibits, rather than promotes, ULK1 activity and autophagy, but also that AMPK phosphorylation help stabilize ULK1 (19). Alternate Names ATG1; ATG1 autophagy related 1 homolog; ATG1A; Autophagy-related protein 1 homolog; FLJ38455; FLJ46475; hATG1; KIAA0722; Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1; ULK1; unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; Unc-51-like kinase 1; unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans); UNC51; Unc51.1 Specification REACTIVITY: H M R SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 140-150 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG