CST, 29047L, Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (D6O1M) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying IRF-3 (Ser396) phosphate. Validated for WB,IP,IF,F. Available in 3 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (D6O1M) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (CST #29047) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:50 Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry): 1:100 - 1:400 Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized): 1:50 - 1:200 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product # 61166 . Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry), Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) Specificity / Sensitivity Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser396) (D6O1M) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of IRF-3 protein only when phosphorylated at Ser396. Non-specific Golgi background may be observed by immunofluorescence in mouse cells. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser396 of human IRF-3 protein. Background Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of transcription factors that function within the Jak/Stat pathway to regulate interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible gene expression in response to viral infection (1). IRFs play an important role in pathogen defense, autoimmunity, lymphocyte development, cell growth, and susceptibility to transformation. The IRF family includes nine members: IRF-1, IRF-2, IRF-9/ISGF3γ, IRF-3, IRF-4 (Pip/LSIRF/ICSAT), IRF-5, IRF-6, IRF-7, and IRF-8/ICSBP. All IRF proteins share homology in their amino-terminal DNA-binding domains. IRF family members regulate transcription through interactions with proteins that share similar DNA-binding motifs, such as IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE), IFN consensus sequences (ICS), and IFN regulatory elements (IRF-E) (2). IRF-3 can inhibit cell growth and plays a critical role in controlling the expression of genes in the innate immune response (1-4). In unstimulated cells, IRF-3 is present in the cytoplasm. Viral infection results in phosphorylation of IRF-3 and leads to its translocation to the nucleus where it activates promoters containing IRF-3-binding sites. Phosphorylation of IRF-3 occurs at a cluster of C-terminal serine and threonine residues (between 385 and 405) leading to its association with the p300/CBP coactivator protein that promotes DNA binding and transcriptional activity (5). During infection, IRF-3 is likely activated through a pathway that includes activation of Toll-like receptors and of a kinase complex that includes IKKε and TBK1 (6,7). IRF-3 is phosphorylated at Ser396 following viral infection, expression of viral nucleocapsid, and double stranded RNA treatment. These events likely play a role in the activation of IRF-3 (8). Alternate Names IIAE7; Interferon regulatory factor 3; IRF-3; IRF3 Specification REACTIVITY: H M R SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 45-55 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG