CST, 2993S, Phospho-c-Jun (Thr93) Antibody

Polyclonal Antibody for studying JUN (Thr93) phosphate. Validated for Western Blotting. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Phospho-c-Jun (Thr93) Antibody (CST #2993) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting Specificity / Sensitivity Phospho-c-Jun (Thr93) Antibody detects endogenous levels of c-Jun only when phosphorylated at threonine 93. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat Source / Purification Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues around Thr93 of human c-Jun. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Background c-Jun is a member of the Jun family containing c-Jun, JunB, and JunD, and is a component of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). AP-1 is composed of dimers of Fos, Jun, and ATF family members and binds to and activates transcription at TRE/AP-1 elements (reviewed in 1). Extracellular signals, including growth factors, chemokines, and stress, activate AP-1-dependent transcription. The transcriptional activity of c-Jun is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73 through SAPK/JNK (reviewed in 2). Knockout studies in mice have shown that c-Jun is essential for embryogenesis (3), and subsequent studies have demonstrated roles for c-Jun in various tissues and developmental processes, including axon regeneration (4), liver regeneration (5), and T cell development (6). AP-1 regulated genes exert diverse biological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as transformation, invasion and metastasis, depending on cell type and context (7-9). Other target genes regulate survival, as well as hypoxia and angiogenesis (8,10). Research studies have implicated c-Jun as a promising therapeutic target for cancer, vascular remodeling, acute inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis (11,12). The multisite phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun has been reinvestigated recently (14). The phosphorylation of Thr91 and Thr93 induces a change in the conformation of c-Jun that enhances accessibility of the carboxy-terminal sites to a protein phosphatase(s) (15). The identity of the protein kinase that phosphorylates Thr91 and Thr93 is unknown. Alternate Names Activator protein 1; AP-1; AP1; c-Jun; cJUN; enhancer-binding protein AP1; JUN; Jun activation domain binding protein; jun oncogene; Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit; p39; Proto-oncogene c-Jun; proto-oncogene cJun; Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor Jun; V-jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog; v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog Specification REACTIVITY: H M R SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 48 SOURCE: Rabbit