CST, 46329S, Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (E4D3T) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying ATG13 (Ser355) phosphate. Validated for Western Blotting,Immunoprecipitation. Available in 2 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (E4D3T) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (CST #46329) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:200 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation Specificity / Sensitivity Phospho-Atg13 (Ser355) (E4D3T) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of Atg13 protein only when phosphorylated at Ser355. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser355 of human Atg13 protein. This site corresponds to Ser318 of isoform 2 of Atg13. Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Overexpression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high-nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, which localizes to autophagic isolation membranes and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10). ULK1-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 at Ser355, which corresponds to Ser318 of isoform 2 of Atg13, leads to the recruitment of Atg13 to damaged mitochondria, enabling efficient mitophagy (11). Alternate Names ATG13; ATG13 autophagy related 13 homolog; autophagy related 13; Autophagy-related protein 13; FLJ20698; KIAA0652; PARATARG8 Specification REACTIVITY: H M R SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 72 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG