CST, 4968S, Pan-Actin Antibody

Polyclonal Antibody for studying beta-Actin/ACTA1 (alpha actin, skeletal muscle)/ACTG1 (gamma actin cytoplasmic nonmuscle)/ACTC1 (alpha cardiac actin)/ACTA2 (alpha actin, smooth muscle)/ACTG2 (gamma actin, cytoplasmic). Validated for Western Blotting,Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin). Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Pan-Actin Antibody (CST #4968) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:50 - 1:200 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Specificity / Sensitivity Pan-Actin Antibody detects endogenous levels of total actin (all isoforms). This antibody also detects the 30 kDa actin fragment cleaved at glutamate 107. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey, Zebrafish Source / Purification Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp244 of human beta-actin. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Background Actin, a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein, is the major component of the cytoskeleton. At least six isoforms are known in mammals. Nonmuscle β- and γ-actin, also known as cytoplasmic actin, are ubiquitously expressed, controlling cell structure and motility (1). While all actin isoforms are highly homologous, cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin protein sequences differ by only four biochemically similar amino acids (2). For this reason, antibodies raised to β-actin may cross-react with γ-actin, and vice versa. α-cardiac and α-skeletal actin are expressed in striated cardiac and skeletal muscles, respectively; two smooth muscle actins, α- and γ-actin, are found primarily in vascular smooth muscle and enteric smooth muscle, respectively. These actin isoforms regulate the contractile potential of muscle cells (1). Actin exists mainly as a fibrous polymer, F-actin. In response to cytoskeletal reorganizing signals during processes such as cytokinesis, endocytosis, or stress, cofilin promotes fragmentation and depolymerization of F-actin, resulting in an increase in the monomeric globular form, G-actin (3). The ARP2/3 complex stabilizes F-actin fragments and promotes formation of new actin filaments (3). Research studies have shown that actin is hyperphosphorylated in primary breast tumors (4). Cleavage of actin under apoptotic conditions has been observed and in cardiac and skeletal muscle, as shown in research studies (5-7). Actin cleavage by caspase-3 may accelerate ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent muscle proteolysis (7). Alternate Names AAT6; ACT; ACTA; ACTA1; ACTA2; ACTA3; ACTB; ACTC; ACTC1; ACTE; ACTG; ACTG1; ACTG2; ACTH; actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle; actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; actin alpha cardiac muscle 1; actin beta; actin gamma 1; actin gamma 2, smooth muscle; actin-like protein; actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle; actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1; Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1, intermediate form; Actin, alpha skeletal muscle; Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, intermediate form; actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1; Actin, aortic smooth muscle; Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form; actin, beta; Actin, cytoplasmic 1; Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin, cytoplasmic 2; Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; actin, gamma 1; actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric; Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle; Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle, intermediate form; ACTL3; ACTS; ACTSA; ACTSG; ACTVS; alpha 2 actin; alpha skeletal muscle actin; alpha smooth muscle Actin; alpha-actin 3; Alpha-actin-1; Alpha-actin-2; Alpha-actin-3; alpha-cardiac actin; Alpha-cardiac actin; ASD5; ASMA; beta actin; beta cytoskeletal actin; Beta-actin; BRWS1; Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein; CFTD; CFTD1; CFTDM; CMD1R; CMH11; cytoskeletal gamma-actin; DFNA20; DFNA26; epididymis luminal protein 176; Gamma-2-actin; Gamma-actin; growth-inhibiting gene 46; HEL-176; I(2)-actin; LVNC4; MPFD; NEM1; NEM2; NEM3; nemaline myopathy type 3; PS1TP5-binding protein 1; PS1TP5BP1; SHPM; smooth muscle actin; smooth muscle gamma actin; Smooth muscle gamma-actin; VSCM Specification REACTIVITY: H M R Mk Z SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 45 SOURCE: Rabbit