CST, 5392S, HDAC4 (4A3) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying HDAC4. Validated for Western Blotting,Immunoprecipitation. Available in 2 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, HDAC4 (4A3) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CST #5392) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:200 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation Specificity / Sensitivity HDAC4 (4A3) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody detects endogenous levels of total HDAC4 protein. This antibody may cross-react with HDAC5. Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a recombinant protein corresponding to the amino terminus of human HDAC4 protein. The epitope corresponds to a region surrounding Gln115 of human HDAC4. Background Acetylation of the histone tail causes chromatin to adopt an "open" conformation, allowing increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. The identification of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and their large multiprotein complexes has yielded important insights into how these enzymes regulate transcription (1,2). HAT complexes interact with sequence-specific activator proteins to target specific genes. In addition to histones, HATs can acetylate nonhistone proteins, suggesting multiple roles for these enzymes (3). In contrast, histone deacetylation promotes a "closed" chromatin conformation and typically leads to repression of gene activity (4). Mammalian histone deacetylases can be divided into three classes on the basis of their similarity to various yeast deacetylases (5). Class I proteins (HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 8) are related to the yeast Rpd3-like proteins, those in class II (HDACs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10) are related to yeast Hda1-like proteins, and class III proteins are related to the yeast protein Sir2. Inhibitors of HDAC activity are now being explored as potential therapeutic cancer agents (6,7). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) interact with an increasing number of transcription factors, including myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), to negatively regulate gene expression. HDACs are regulated in part by shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm, where export to the cytoplasm facilitates gene activation by removing HDACs from their target genes (8,9). The cytoplasmic export is facilitated by 14-3-3 proteins, which bind to specific phosphoserine residues on the HDAC proteins (8,9). These phosphoserine 14-3-3 binding modules are highly conserved between HDAC proteins, allowing for their collective regulation in response to specific cell stimuli. For example, the highly conserved HDAC4 Ser246, HDAC5 Ser259 and HDAC7 Ser155 residues are all phosphorylated by CAMK and PKD kinases in response to multiple cell stimuli, including VEGF-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells, B cell and T cell activation, and differentiation of myoblasts into muscle fiber (10-14). Alternate Names AHO3; BDMR; HA6116; HD4; HDAC-4; HDAC-A; HDAC4; HDACA; Histone deacetylase 4; histone deacetylase A; KIAA0288 Specification REACTIVITY: H M R Mk SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 140 Source/Isotype: Mouse IgG2a