CST, 54330S, Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal Antibody for studying galectin-9. Validated for WB,IHC,IHC,F. Available in 2 sizes. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (CST #54330) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information Western Blotting: 1:1000 IHC Leica Bond: 1:800 Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:800 Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized): 1:1600 Storage Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at -20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. For a carrier free (BSA and azide free) version of this product see product # 71325 . Protocol Available protocols: Western Blotting, IHC Leica Bond, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) Specificity / Sensitivity Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein. Species Reactivity: Human Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human galectin-9 protein. Background Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7). Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13). Alternate Names Ecalectin; Gal-9; galectin 9; Galectin-9; HUAT; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9; LEG9; LGALS9; LGALS9A; MGC117375; MGC125973; MGC125974; Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein Specification REACTIVITY: H SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 9-40 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG