CST, 66925SF, Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free)

Monoclonal Antibody for studying ATG13. Validated for Western Blotting,Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry),ELISA+. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) (CST #66925) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information This product is the carrier free version of product #13468. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol. This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us . Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. BSA and Azide Free antibodies are quality control tested by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine antibody integrity. Formulation Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free. For standard formulation of this product see product # 13468 Storage Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance. Specificity / Sensitivity Atg13 (E1Y9V) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg13 protein. Species Reactivity: Human Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asn230 of human Atg13 protein. Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Overexpression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high-nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, which localizes to autophagic isolation membranes and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10). Alternate Names ATG13; ATG13 autophagy related 13 homolog; autophagy related 13; Autophagy-related protein 13; FLJ20698; KIAA0652; PARATARG8 Specification REACTIVITY: H SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 72 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG