CST, 71325SF, Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free)

Monoclonal Antibody for studying galectin-9. Validated for WB,IHC,IHC,F. Highly specific and rigorously validated in-house, Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) (CST #71325) is ready to ship. Product Usage Information This product is the carrier free version of product #54330. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol. This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us . Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. BSA and Azide Free antibodies are quality control tested by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine antibody integrity. Formulation Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free. For standard formulation of this product see product # 54330 Storage Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance. Specificity / Sensitivity Galectin-9 (D9R4A) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) recognizes endogenous levels of total galectin-9 protein. Species Reactivity: Human Source / Purification Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human galectin-9 protein. Background Galectins are a family of β-galactose binding proteins that are characterized by an affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and a carbohydrate-binding site (1,2). Members of the galectin family have been implicated in a variety of biological functions, including cell adhesion (3), growth regulation (4), cytokine production (5), T-cell apoptosis (6), and immune responses (7). Galectin-9 is induced by proinflammatory stimuli, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TLR ligands, and regulates various immune responses through interaction with its ligand TIM-3 (8, 9). Binding of galectin-9 to TIM-3 expressed by Th1 CD4 T cells resulted in T cell death (9). On the other hand, galectin-9 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased the number of IFN-γ-producing TIM-3+ CD8 T cells and TIM-3+ dendritic cells (10). Transgenic overexpression of either TIM-3 or galectin-9 in mice led to an increase in cells with a myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and inhibition of immune responses (11). CD44 is also proposed to be a receptor for galectin-9, and interaction of galectin-9 with CD44 expressed by induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells enhanced the stability of function of iTreg cells. In addition, galectin-9 was recently demonstrated to bind Dectin-1 expressed by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-infiltrating macrophages, resulting in tolerogenic macrophage reprogramming and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Increased galectin-9 expression has been observed in several cancer types, including lung, liver, breast, and kidney (12). Alternative splicing of the galectin-9 transcript leads to several isoforms (13). Alternate Names Ecalectin; Gal-9; galectin 9; Galectin-9; HUAT; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9; LEG9; LGALS9; LGALS9A; MGC117375; MGC125973; MGC125974; Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein Specification REACTIVITY: H SENSITIVITY: Endogenous MW (kDa): 9-40 Source/Isotype: Rabbit IgG